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Response to Ken Thompson's 1983 Address on Trusting Trust

By Douglas E. Fisher
Founder, Zero Trust Event Systems
June 12, 2026

Dear Mr. Ken Thompson,

 

When you delivered your 1983 Turing Award lecture — later published in Communications of the ACM in 1984 — I was a kid in grade school, sitting in front of an Atari 800 hooked up to a spare 13" black‑and‑white television, learning to think in terms of bits, bytes, and possibility. You were already a legend. I was just beginning.

And yet the problem you described that year — the “trusting trust” attack — would eventually become a problem I solved.

“You can’t trust code that you did not totally create yourself.”

You demonstrated that trust, once introduced into a compiler or toolchain, becomes a permanent, uninspectable dependency. A malicious semantic mutation can propagate invisibly across generations of binaries, immune to audits, rewrites, and inspection. You showed that trust is not merely fragile — it is architecturally unsound.

For decades, the field treated your conclusion as a law of nature.

But here is the part that changes the story:

I’ve solved the problem you identified.

Not by repairing trust.

Not by detecting subversion.

But by removing trust from the substrate entirely.

Event Correctness Engineering is built on a principle more radical than zero trust:

assume 100% hostility from everyone, everywhere, at all times — and design a system that still produces correct outcomes.

 

In this architecture:

  • Every component is treated as adversarial by default.

  • Every transformation must produce a correctness‑preserving proof of its own behavior.

  • Every event must attach to a deterministic, cryptographically verifiable lineage.

  • No subsystem is allowed to inherit semantics from an unprovable ancestor.

  • No “trusted interior” is permitted anywhere — not in compilers, not in runtimes, not in infrastructure, not even in the environment.

This is not a security model.
This is a physics model for computation under total hostility.

And under these physics, the “trusting trust” attack is not mitigated —

it is rendered impossible.

 

Your Trojan compiler cannot exist, not because we detect it, but because the substrate forbids the category of behavior it relies on. A self‑reproducing semantic mutation cannot propagate if every transformation must prove its own correctness against an immutable, external event lineage.

You taught the world that trust is a one‑way valve.
I built a system where trust is not a variable in the equation.

Your lecture revealed a flaw in the foundations of computing.
My work replaces the foundation — with one that remains correct even when every participant is malicious.

Thank you for articulating the problem so clearly.
It made recognizing the significance of the solution that much easier.

Respectfully,

 

Douglas E. Fisher

Founder & Chief Architect, Zero Trust Event Systems

Founding Steward, Event Correctness Engineering

LaurieWired on YouTube made a great video that goes into detail about Ken's trusting trust problem.  See here: The Original Sin of Computing...that no one can fix - YouTube

© 2026 Douglas E. Fisher. All rights reserved. ZTES, LLC is licensed to use and commercialize the intellectual property owned by Douglas E. Fisher.

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